Forced Labor
Where all the work is done under the menace of a penalty or the person has not offered himself voluntarily and is now unable to leave. They may experience:
- Threat or actual physical harm
- Restriction of movement or confinement
- Debt bondage i.e. working to pay off a debt or loan, often the victim is paid very little or nothing at all for their services because of deductions
- Withholding of pay or excessive reductions
- Withholding of documents e.g. passport/security card
- Threat of revealing to authorities an irregular immigration status
- Their employer is unable to produce documents required
- Poor or non-existent health and safety standards
- Requirement to pay for tools and food
- Imposed place of accommodation (and deductions made for it)
- Pay that is less than minimum wage
- Dependence on employer for services
- No access to labor contract
- Excessive work hours/few breaks
